Ginkgo biloba may protect the brain if you have a stroke
Daily doses of an ancient Chinese remedy could help minimize the damage caused by
strokes, say researchers. The scientists said ginkgo could eventually be routinely prescribed
as a 'preventive measure'.
The U.S. study by the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, published in Stroke Journal,
showed that mice fed the extract for a week before an induced stroke had 50 per cent less
brain damage. Lead researcher Sylvain Doré said: 'It's still a large leap from rodent brains to
human brains but these results strongly suggest that further research into the protective effects of ginkgo is warranted. 'We could
theoretically recommend a daily regimen of ginkgo to people at high risk of stroke as a preventive measure against brain damage.'
Previous research has found that ginkgo - used in Chinese medicine for more than 5,000 years - improves the circulation of blood,
particularly to the brain.
In the study, researchers gave a laboratory-quality form of the extract ginkgo biloba to a group of normal mice and to a group of genetically
engineered mice. The second group lacked the gene to produce the enzyme HO-1. This would normally make cells respond to the
beneficial effects of ginkgo. Dr Doré and his team gave all the mice oral doses of ginkgo once a day for a week. They then induced a stroke
in the mice by briefly blocking an artery to one side of the brain. Results showed that the normal mice had 50 per cent less neurological
dysfunction and 48 per cent smaller areas of brain damage than the genetically engineered mice which could not metabolize the ginkgo
extract.
Dr Doré said: 'Our results suggest that some elements or elements in ginkgo actually protect brain cells during stroke.'
The research team has speculated that ginkgo's protective effects work by increasing levels of HO-1, stepping up antioxidant production
and eliminating harmful free radicals at the site of the stroke.
However, previous research has suggested that ginkgo might slightly raise the stroke risk of some patients, probably due to its
blood-thinning effects.
Joe Korner from The Stroke Association said: 'This research is potentially interesting. However it was undertaken in a very artificial
situation.'
Daily doses of an ancient Chinese remedy could help minimize the damage caused by
strokes, say researchers. The scientists said ginkgo could eventually be routinely prescribed
as a 'preventive measure'.
The U.S. study by the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, published in Stroke Journal,
showed that mice fed the extract for a week before an induced stroke had 50 per cent less
brain damage. Lead researcher Sylvain Doré said: 'It's still a large leap from rodent brains to
human brains but these results strongly suggest that further research into the protective effects of ginkgo is warranted. 'We could
theoretically recommend a daily regimen of ginkgo to people at high risk of stroke as a preventive measure against brain damage.'
Previous research has found that ginkgo - used in Chinese medicine for more than 5,000 years - improves the circulation of blood,
particularly to the brain.
In the study, researchers gave a laboratory-quality form of the extract ginkgo biloba to a group of normal mice and to a group of genetically
engineered mice. The second group lacked the gene to produce the enzyme HO-1. This would normally make cells respond to the
beneficial effects of ginkgo. Dr Doré and his team gave all the mice oral doses of ginkgo once a day for a week. They then induced a stroke
in the mice by briefly blocking an artery to one side of the brain. Results showed that the normal mice had 50 per cent less neurological
dysfunction and 48 per cent smaller areas of brain damage than the genetically engineered mice which could not metabolize the ginkgo
extract.
Dr Doré said: 'Our results suggest that some elements or elements in ginkgo actually protect brain cells during stroke.'
The research team has speculated that ginkgo's protective effects work by increasing levels of HO-1, stepping up antioxidant production
and eliminating harmful free radicals at the site of the stroke.
However, previous research has suggested that ginkgo might slightly raise the stroke risk of some patients, probably due to its
blood-thinning effects.
Joe Korner from The Stroke Association said: 'This research is potentially interesting. However it was undertaken in a very artificial
situation.'
| Professional Edition Volume 2 Issue 10 October 13, 2008 |
Newsletter for Acupuncture Practitioners sponsored by Ashi Research |
Pentagon researches alternative treatments
WASHINGTON — The Pentagon is seeking new ways to treat troops suffering from combat stress
or brain damage by researching such alternative methods as acupuncture, meditation, yoga and
the use of animals as therapy, military officials said."This new theme is a big departure for our
cautious culture," Dr. S. Ward Casscells, the Pentagon's assistant secretary for health affairs,
told USA TODAY.
Casscells said he pushed hard for the new research, because "we are struggling with"
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) "as we are with suicide and we are increasingly willing to
take a hard look at even soft therapies."
So far this year, the Pentagon is spending $5 million to study the therapies. In the previous two years, the Pentagon had not spent any
money on similar research, records show.
About 300,000 Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans suffer from PTSD or major depression, and about 320,000 may have experienced at
least a mild concussion or brain injury in combat, according to a RAND Corp. study released this year.
The Army reported a record 115 suicides last year, and suicides this year are at a rate that may exceed that, said Col. Eddie Stephens, the
Army's deputy director for human resources policy. The Department of Veterans Affairs reported last month that suicides among Iraq- and
Afghanistan-era veterans from all services reached a record high of 113 in 2006, the latest year for which there were figures.
Some military hospitals and installations already use alternative therapies, such as acupuncture as stress relievers for patients. The
research will see whether the alternatives work so the Pentagon can use them more, said Army Brig. Gen. Loree Sutton, head of the
Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury. Many of the treatments have been used for centuries,
Sutton said, "so it just makes sense to bring all potential therapies to bear."
Her office issued a request for research proposals this year on therapies ranging from art and dance, to the ancient Chinese healing art of
qigong or a therapy of hands-on touching known as Reiki.
Sutton's office narrowed a list of 82 proposals to about 10 projects this year, and research should begin, with servicemembers as subjects
in some cases, in the next few months, said Col. Karl Friedl, head of the Army's Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center,
which oversees the work.
Friedl said research will include how meditation can improve emotional resilience; how holding and petting an animal can treat PTSD and
how acupuncture pain relief can relieve headaches created by mild brain damage from blasts.
"We want to add everything we can to our tool kit" for these injuries, said Col. Elspeth Ritchie, an Army psychiatrist.
Some soldiers who suffer from PTSD are reluctant to share their experiences in traditional psychiatric therapy, said Col. Charles Engel, an
Army psychiatric epidemiologist. He said those soldiers may be more willing to use acupuncture and other alternatives if they are effective.
Initial research this summer with combat veterans showed that acupuncture relieved PTSD symptoms and eased pain and depression,
Engel said. "Improvements were relatively rapid and clinically significant," he said.
About one third of sailors and Marines use some types of alternative therapies, mostly herbal remedies, according to a survey conducted
last year. A recent Army study shows that one in four soldiers with combat-caused PTSD turned to herbs, chiropractors, acupuncture or
megavitamins for relief.
Although the Pentagon's study of alternative medicine for combat diseases is unique, research into such therapies for broad public use is
not new, said Richard Nahin, a senior adviser for the National Institutes of Health's National Center for Complementary and Alternative
Medicine. The NIH spends about $300 million a year on similar research.
WASHINGTON — The Pentagon is seeking new ways to treat troops suffering from combat stress
or brain damage by researching such alternative methods as acupuncture, meditation, yoga and
the use of animals as therapy, military officials said."This new theme is a big departure for our
cautious culture," Dr. S. Ward Casscells, the Pentagon's assistant secretary for health affairs,
told USA TODAY.
Casscells said he pushed hard for the new research, because "we are struggling with"
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) "as we are with suicide and we are increasingly willing to
take a hard look at even soft therapies."
So far this year, the Pentagon is spending $5 million to study the therapies. In the previous two years, the Pentagon had not spent any
money on similar research, records show.
About 300,000 Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans suffer from PTSD or major depression, and about 320,000 may have experienced at
least a mild concussion or brain injury in combat, according to a RAND Corp. study released this year.
The Army reported a record 115 suicides last year, and suicides this year are at a rate that may exceed that, said Col. Eddie Stephens, the
Army's deputy director for human resources policy. The Department of Veterans Affairs reported last month that suicides among Iraq- and
Afghanistan-era veterans from all services reached a record high of 113 in 2006, the latest year for which there were figures.
Some military hospitals and installations already use alternative therapies, such as acupuncture as stress relievers for patients. The
research will see whether the alternatives work so the Pentagon can use them more, said Army Brig. Gen. Loree Sutton, head of the
Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury. Many of the treatments have been used for centuries,
Sutton said, "so it just makes sense to bring all potential therapies to bear."
Her office issued a request for research proposals this year on therapies ranging from art and dance, to the ancient Chinese healing art of
qigong or a therapy of hands-on touching known as Reiki.
Sutton's office narrowed a list of 82 proposals to about 10 projects this year, and research should begin, with servicemembers as subjects
in some cases, in the next few months, said Col. Karl Friedl, head of the Army's Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center,
which oversees the work.
Friedl said research will include how meditation can improve emotional resilience; how holding and petting an animal can treat PTSD and
how acupuncture pain relief can relieve headaches created by mild brain damage from blasts.
"We want to add everything we can to our tool kit" for these injuries, said Col. Elspeth Ritchie, an Army psychiatrist.
Some soldiers who suffer from PTSD are reluctant to share their experiences in traditional psychiatric therapy, said Col. Charles Engel, an
Army psychiatric epidemiologist. He said those soldiers may be more willing to use acupuncture and other alternatives if they are effective.
Initial research this summer with combat veterans showed that acupuncture relieved PTSD symptoms and eased pain and depression,
Engel said. "Improvements were relatively rapid and clinically significant," he said.
About one third of sailors and Marines use some types of alternative therapies, mostly herbal remedies, according to a survey conducted
last year. A recent Army study shows that one in four soldiers with combat-caused PTSD turned to herbs, chiropractors, acupuncture or
megavitamins for relief.
Although the Pentagon's study of alternative medicine for combat diseases is unique, research into such therapies for broad public use is
not new, said Richard Nahin, a senior adviser for the National Institutes of Health's National Center for Complementary and Alternative
Medicine. The NIH spends about $300 million a year on similar research.
| Ashi Pain Relief Products New Solution for Practitioners! Click here to order |
CONTENTS
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Hot News about Cayenne
By Darrell Miller
Cayenne is the spicy pepper that is found in the same family as bell peppers and jalapenos. It is
responsible for putting the kick into a lot of different spicy dishes, but it also helps to promote better health.
Cayenne creams have capsaicin, an active compound which has proven to ease the pain of arthritic
joints, along with the discomfort from shingles, muscular aches and spasms, bursitis, diabetic
neuropathy, and phantom pains that follow amputation. By rubbing capsaicin on the skin, one can get rid
of the chemical messengers that usually send pain signals. Even though the source of pain will still be
there, using capsaicin will cause relief from the pain. However, this effect won’t last, so you will need to
keep applying the cream to continue to deplete messengers that send pain signals. To use capsaicin,
start by applying it four times a day for the first four days, then cut back to twice daily. You can tell a
cayenne cream is working because there is a definite tingle, sometimes even a sting when you first apply them. Be careful not to put too
much of this potent stuff on irritated or broken skin and be sure to wash your hands after applying so that you do not get the cream into
sensitive areas such as your eyes and mouth.
By consuming cayenne in foods or in a capsule, one can ease the pain of stomachache, cramps, gas, or indigestion. One can also benefit
the cardiovascular system by lowering LDL cholesterol and can also protect the body from free radical damage. Even more promising
research on cayenne has found that cayenne cranks up thermogenesis and also suppresses appetite, assisting in weight loss. This
means that while your mouth is burning from the spicy food, you are also burning calories. This spicy herb has also shown promising
results in its ability to protect the stomach lining from damaging effects of aspirin. If you know that you have an ulcer or gastritis, make sure
to use cayenne cautiously as it could worsen those conditions.
If you are looking for a great way to cleanse your system, an effect detox drink can be made from cayenne. By simply squeezing the juice of
one lemon into a pint of warm water and adding a pinch of cayenne and one tablespoon of maple syrup, an effective drink can be created.
Drinking one or more cups daily will produce great effects. If you’ve decided to eat mostly raw fruits and veggies during your cleansing diet,
you might find that the raw foods can be tough to digest. A lot of people have found that when their digestive fire is weak, the raw fruit and
vegetables are not easily digested. By sprinkling a little cayenne on your foods, you can build up the inner digestive fire, making raw foods
much more easily digested. To get all of these great and helpful benefits, you can find cayenne at any local health food store or pharmacy.
Cayenne can enhance absorption of the vitamins and prescription drugs you are currently taking; always first, be sure to consult your health
care practitioner to make sure that cayenne is right for you.
By Darrell Miller
Cayenne is the spicy pepper that is found in the same family as bell peppers and jalapenos. It is
responsible for putting the kick into a lot of different spicy dishes, but it also helps to promote better health.
Cayenne creams have capsaicin, an active compound which has proven to ease the pain of arthritic
joints, along with the discomfort from shingles, muscular aches and spasms, bursitis, diabetic
neuropathy, and phantom pains that follow amputation. By rubbing capsaicin on the skin, one can get rid
of the chemical messengers that usually send pain signals. Even though the source of pain will still be
there, using capsaicin will cause relief from the pain. However, this effect won’t last, so you will need to
keep applying the cream to continue to deplete messengers that send pain signals. To use capsaicin,
start by applying it four times a day for the first four days, then cut back to twice daily. You can tell a
cayenne cream is working because there is a definite tingle, sometimes even a sting when you first apply them. Be careful not to put too
much of this potent stuff on irritated or broken skin and be sure to wash your hands after applying so that you do not get the cream into
sensitive areas such as your eyes and mouth.
By consuming cayenne in foods or in a capsule, one can ease the pain of stomachache, cramps, gas, or indigestion. One can also benefit
the cardiovascular system by lowering LDL cholesterol and can also protect the body from free radical damage. Even more promising
research on cayenne has found that cayenne cranks up thermogenesis and also suppresses appetite, assisting in weight loss. This
means that while your mouth is burning from the spicy food, you are also burning calories. This spicy herb has also shown promising
results in its ability to protect the stomach lining from damaging effects of aspirin. If you know that you have an ulcer or gastritis, make sure
to use cayenne cautiously as it could worsen those conditions.
If you are looking for a great way to cleanse your system, an effect detox drink can be made from cayenne. By simply squeezing the juice of
one lemon into a pint of warm water and adding a pinch of cayenne and one tablespoon of maple syrup, an effective drink can be created.
Drinking one or more cups daily will produce great effects. If you’ve decided to eat mostly raw fruits and veggies during your cleansing diet,
you might find that the raw foods can be tough to digest. A lot of people have found that when their digestive fire is weak, the raw fruit and
vegetables are not easily digested. By sprinkling a little cayenne on your foods, you can build up the inner digestive fire, making raw foods
much more easily digested. To get all of these great and helpful benefits, you can find cayenne at any local health food store or pharmacy.
Cayenne can enhance absorption of the vitamins and prescription drugs you are currently taking; always first, be sure to consult your health
care practitioner to make sure that cayenne is right for you.
Lycium Barbarum (Goji)
Lycium barbarum (Goji) is big bush growing till 2.5 m or even 4 m at an average rate. It is in
flower from June to August, and the seeds develop from August to October. The flowers are
hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and are pollinated by Bees.
The plant prefers light, medium and heavy soils, requires well-drained soil and can grow in
nutritionally poor soil. The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic soils. It can grow in
semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It requires moist soil. The plant can tolerate
maritime exposure.
The berries (Goji berries or Chinese Wollfberry) are currently being marketed as another
wonder health product, like Noni, Mangosteen and Hoodia have been recently. It appears they have many health benefits as well as being
delicious.
The plant is known for its medicinal properties.
Lycium Barbarum have long played important roles in traditional Chinese medicine, where they are believed to strengthen immune system
functioning, better eyesight, protect the liver and meliorate blood circulation, among other effects. In TCM terms, wolfberries are sweet in
taste and neutral in nature; they act on the liver, lung, and kidney channels. They can be eaten raw, consumed as juice or wine, brewed up
into a tea, or done as a tincture.
Lycium barbarum contains significant quantity of daily macronutrient components, carbohydrates, protein, fat and dietary fiber. 68% of the
amount of dried wolfberries is as carbohydrate, 12% as protein, and 10% each as fiber and fat, which in sum gives a total caloric value in a
100 gram serving of 370 (kilo) calories, of which 272 come from carbohydrates, and 90 of which come from fat.
Wolfberries fruit have very good source of vitamins.
The fruit contains vitamins B1, B6, A, C and E. The wolfberries fruits contain also 19 amino acids in which 8 of them are essential for life, 21
trace minerals (zinc, iron, copper, calcium, selenium, phosphorus and germanium), more beta carotene than carrots, essential fatty acids
for the production of hormones and the functioning of the brain and nervous system. Wolfberries fruits contain the richest source of
carotenoids, Beta Sitosterol, Zeaxanthin, Lutine, Betaine, Cyperone, Solavetivone, Physalin, etc.
A big role in maintaining all the above mentioned components plays the differences in the degree of berry ripening at the time of picking,
soil conditions they were plant in and geographic region where the berries were grown, post-harvest handling and processing, duration of
storage, redundant water content and testing can significantly affect individual nutrient contents, especially those for vitamins and
phytochemicals.
There are a great number of studies, mostly from China, that treat the probable medicinal benefits of Lycium barbarum, mostly because of
its antioxidant features, including possible treatment of the cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases, vision-related diseases, having
neuroprotective properties or as an anticancer and immunomodulatory agent. But even if these researches have been done they are still
skeptically welcomed by western science, and are not yet approved as clinical conclusions, or accepted by regulatory authorities.
A sweet tonic decoction made from the fruits is used to lower blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels. The fruit is taken internally in the
treatment of high blood pressure, diabetes, vertigo, lumbago, impotence and menopausal complaints. The fruit is harvested when fully ripe
and is dried for later use. The root bark is a bitter, cooling, antibacterial herb that controls coughs and lowers fevers, blood pressure and
blood cholesterol levels. It is taken internally in the treatment of chronic fevers, internal hemorrhages, nosebleeds, tuberculosis, coughs,
asthma etc.
It is applied externally to treat genital itching. The bark is harvested in the winter and dried for later use. The plant has a long history of
medicinal use, both as a general, energy restoring tonic and also to cure a wide range of ailments from skin rashes and eyesight
problems to diabetes. A tonic tea is made from the leaves.
The fruit of many members of this genus is a very rich source of vitamins and minerals, especially in vitamins A, C and E, flavones and
other bio-active compounds. It is also a fairly good source of essential fatty acids, which is fairly unusual for a fruit. It is being investigated
as a food that is capable of reducing the incidence of cancer and also as a means of halting or reversing the growth of cancers.
A human supplementation study showed that a daily intake of wolfberries increased plasma Zeaxanthin levels.
At the laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Anatomy, of the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong there have been a
research analyzing the effects of Lycium barbarum on against anti-aging process of humans.
Due to the fact that the number of aged population dramatically increases many new diseases appears which comes as a result of ageing.
One such disease is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Natural plant extracts of Lycium barbarum are well-known to exhibit anti-aging effects.
The scientists therefore hypothesized that they exhibit neuroprotective effects against toxins in aging-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Study on anti-aging herbal medicine like Lycium barbarum may open a new therapeutic window for the prevention of AD.
Although no records of toxicity have been seen, some caution should be exercised with this species, particularly with regard to its edible
leaves, since it belongs to a family that often contains toxins. However, use of the leaves is well documented and fairly widespread in some
areas. The unripe fruit might also be suspect though the ripe fruit is wholesome.
Lycium barbarum (Goji) is big bush growing till 2.5 m or even 4 m at an average rate. It is in
flower from June to August, and the seeds develop from August to October. The flowers are
hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and are pollinated by Bees.
The plant prefers light, medium and heavy soils, requires well-drained soil and can grow in
nutritionally poor soil. The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic soils. It can grow in
semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It requires moist soil. The plant can tolerate
maritime exposure.
The berries (Goji berries or Chinese Wollfberry) are currently being marketed as another
wonder health product, like Noni, Mangosteen and Hoodia have been recently. It appears they have many health benefits as well as being
delicious.
The plant is known for its medicinal properties.
Lycium Barbarum have long played important roles in traditional Chinese medicine, where they are believed to strengthen immune system
functioning, better eyesight, protect the liver and meliorate blood circulation, among other effects. In TCM terms, wolfberries are sweet in
taste and neutral in nature; they act on the liver, lung, and kidney channels. They can be eaten raw, consumed as juice or wine, brewed up
into a tea, or done as a tincture.
Lycium barbarum contains significant quantity of daily macronutrient components, carbohydrates, protein, fat and dietary fiber. 68% of the
amount of dried wolfberries is as carbohydrate, 12% as protein, and 10% each as fiber and fat, which in sum gives a total caloric value in a
100 gram serving of 370 (kilo) calories, of which 272 come from carbohydrates, and 90 of which come from fat.
Wolfberries fruit have very good source of vitamins.
The fruit contains vitamins B1, B6, A, C and E. The wolfberries fruits contain also 19 amino acids in which 8 of them are essential for life, 21
trace minerals (zinc, iron, copper, calcium, selenium, phosphorus and germanium), more beta carotene than carrots, essential fatty acids
for the production of hormones and the functioning of the brain and nervous system. Wolfberries fruits contain the richest source of
carotenoids, Beta Sitosterol, Zeaxanthin, Lutine, Betaine, Cyperone, Solavetivone, Physalin, etc.
A big role in maintaining all the above mentioned components plays the differences in the degree of berry ripening at the time of picking,
soil conditions they were plant in and geographic region where the berries were grown, post-harvest handling and processing, duration of
storage, redundant water content and testing can significantly affect individual nutrient contents, especially those for vitamins and
phytochemicals.
There are a great number of studies, mostly from China, that treat the probable medicinal benefits of Lycium barbarum, mostly because of
its antioxidant features, including possible treatment of the cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases, vision-related diseases, having
neuroprotective properties or as an anticancer and immunomodulatory agent. But even if these researches have been done they are still
skeptically welcomed by western science, and are not yet approved as clinical conclusions, or accepted by regulatory authorities.
A sweet tonic decoction made from the fruits is used to lower blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels. The fruit is taken internally in the
treatment of high blood pressure, diabetes, vertigo, lumbago, impotence and menopausal complaints. The fruit is harvested when fully ripe
and is dried for later use. The root bark is a bitter, cooling, antibacterial herb that controls coughs and lowers fevers, blood pressure and
blood cholesterol levels. It is taken internally in the treatment of chronic fevers, internal hemorrhages, nosebleeds, tuberculosis, coughs,
asthma etc.
It is applied externally to treat genital itching. The bark is harvested in the winter and dried for later use. The plant has a long history of
medicinal use, both as a general, energy restoring tonic and also to cure a wide range of ailments from skin rashes and eyesight
problems to diabetes. A tonic tea is made from the leaves.
The fruit of many members of this genus is a very rich source of vitamins and minerals, especially in vitamins A, C and E, flavones and
other bio-active compounds. It is also a fairly good source of essential fatty acids, which is fairly unusual for a fruit. It is being investigated
as a food that is capable of reducing the incidence of cancer and also as a means of halting or reversing the growth of cancers.
A human supplementation study showed that a daily intake of wolfberries increased plasma Zeaxanthin levels.
At the laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Anatomy, of the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong there have been a
research analyzing the effects of Lycium barbarum on against anti-aging process of humans.
Due to the fact that the number of aged population dramatically increases many new diseases appears which comes as a result of ageing.
One such disease is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Natural plant extracts of Lycium barbarum are well-known to exhibit anti-aging effects.
The scientists therefore hypothesized that they exhibit neuroprotective effects against toxins in aging-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Study on anti-aging herbal medicine like Lycium barbarum may open a new therapeutic window for the prevention of AD.
Although no records of toxicity have been seen, some caution should be exercised with this species, particularly with regard to its edible
leaves, since it belongs to a family that often contains toxins. However, use of the leaves is well documented and fairly widespread in some
areas. The unripe fruit might also be suspect though the ripe fruit is wholesome.
This is a free service for posting educational events related to Chinese medicine . Contact tcm@ashi-resarch.com for the service.
